105 research outputs found
A shared environment: German-German relations along the border, 1945-1972
Get PDFThis is the author's PDF post-print of an article accepted for publication in the Journal of Contemporary History . The definitive version is available at http://jch.sagepub.com/The division of Germany into two militarised blocs during the Cold War fundamentally shaped the lives of people living in both East and West. Yet, as recent scholarship has increasingly highlighted, there were also numerous areas of contact and interaction, whether in the cultural, political or social sphere. One largely overlooked aspect of these Cold War relations, which this article explores, is the environment. Focusing on the history of the shared German environment from the end of the Second World War through until the early 1970s, the article argues that on a local level, environmental problems helped to ensure the survival of cross-border relations. Despite their repeated efforts, the two states failed to divide the German landscape in half. Rivers, lakes and forests continually crossed the fortified border, while animals and plant life traversed from one side to the other too. In attempting to maintain this shared border landscape, both East and West Germans were repeatedly forced into dialogue. Although relations gradually faded as the border regime was strengthened, it proved impossible for either side to escape fully the entangled German environment.20-03-201
This Fascist Life: Radical Right Movements in Interwar Europe
Get PDFPoster image courtesy of ĂNB. Bildarchiv.Drawing upon The Wiener Holocaust Libraryâs unique archival collections, first assembled in the 1930s by Dr Alfred Wiener as part of his fight against fascism, as well as the expertise of an international group of experts in interwar fascism, this exhibition focuses on the experiences of rank-and-file members of fascist movements in the interwar period. It explores the world of the young and socially diverse fascist activists and examines their motivations and activities
Introduction: Beyond Inclusion and Exclusion
Get PDFThis chapter appears in a larger collection published by Berghahn Books (https://www.berghahnbooks.com/title/CrouthamelBeyond). CITATION: Crouthamel, J., Geheran, M., Grady, T., & Köhne, J. B. (2018). Introduction. In J. Crouthamel, M. Geheran, T. Grady & J. B. Köhne (Eds.) Beyond inclusion and exclusion: Jewish experiences of the First World War in Central Europe (pp. 1-28). Berghahn.During the First World War, the Jewish population of Central Europe was politically, socially, and experientially diverse, to an extent that resists containment within a simple historical narrative. While antisemitism and Jewish disillusionment have dominated many previous studies of the topic, this collection aims to recapture the multifariousness of Central European Jewish life in the experiences of soldiers and civilians alike during the First World War. Here, scholars from multiple disciplines explore rare sources and employ innovative methods to illuminate four interconnected themes: minorities and the meaning of military service, Jewish-Gentile relations, cultural legacies of the war, and memory politics
Resolving the gap and AU-scale asymmetries in the pre-transitional disk of V1247 Orionis
Full text linkPre-transitional disks are protoplanetary disks with a gapped disk structure,
potentially indicating the presence of young planets in these systems. In order
to explore the structure of these objects and their gap-opening mechanism, we
observed the pre-transitional disk V1247 Orionis using the Very Large Telescope
Interferometer, the Keck Interferometer, Keck-II, Gemini South, and IRTF. This
allows us spatially resolve the AU-scale disk structure from near- to
mid-infrared wavelengths (1.5 to 13 {\mu}m), tracing material at different
temperatures and over a wide range of stellocentric radii. Our observations
reveal a narrow, optically-thick inner-disk component (located at 0.18 AU from
the star) that is separated from the optically thick outer disk (radii >46 AU),
providing unambiguous evidence for the existence of a gap in this
pre-transitional disk. Surprisingly, we find that the gap region is filled with
significant amounts of optically thin material with a carbon-dominated dust
mineralogy. The presence of this optically thin gap material cannot be deduced
solely from the spectral energy distribution, yet it is the dominant
contributor at mid-infrared wavelengths. Furthermore, using Keck/NIRC2 aperture
masking observations in the H, K', and L' band, we detect asymmetries in the
brightness distribution on scales of about 15-40 AU, i.e. within the gap
region. The detected asymmetries are highly significant, yet their amplitude
and direction changes with wavelength, which is not consistent with a companion
interpretation but indicates an inhomogeneous distribution of the gap material.
We interpret this as strong evidence for the presence of complex density
structures, possibly reflecting the dynamical interaction of the disk material
with sub-stellar mass bodies that are responsible for the gap clearing.Comment: 16 pages, 17 Figures, accepted by Astrophysical Journa
Confronting Standard Models of Proto--Planetary Disks With New Mid--Infrared Sizes from the Keck Interferometer
Get PDFWe present near and mid-infrared interferometric observations made with the
Keck Interferometer Nuller and near-contemporaneous spectro-photometry from the
IRTF of 11 well known young stellar objects, several observed for the first
time in these spectral and spatial resolution regimes. With AU-level spatial
resolution, we first establish characteristic sizes of the infrared emission
using a simple geometrical model consisting of a hot inner rim and mid-infrared
disk emission. We find a high degree of correlation between the stellar
luminosity and the mid-infrared disk sizes after using near-infrared data to
remove the contribution from the inner rim. We then use a semi-analytical
physical model to also find that the very widely used "star + inner dust rim +
flared disk" class of models strongly fails to reproduce the SED and
spatially-resolved mid-infrared data simultaneously; specifically a more
compact source of mid-infrared emission is required than results from the
standard flared disk model. We explore the viability of a modification to the
model whereby a second dust rim containing smaller dust grains is added, and
find that the two-rim model leads to significantly improved fits in most cases.
This complexity is largely missed when carrying out SED modelling alone,
although detailed silicate feature fitting by McClure et al. 2013 recently came
to a similar conclusion. As has been suggested recently by Menu et al. 2015,
the difficulty in predicting mid-infrared sizes from the SED alone might hint
at "transition disk"-like gaps in the inner AU; however, the relatively high
correlation found in our mid-infrared disk size vs. stellar luminosity relation
favors layered disk morphologies and points to missing disk model ingredients
instead
Transcriptomic analysis of field-droughted sorghum from seedling to maturity reveals biotic and metabolic responses.
Get PDFDrought is the most important environmental stress limiting crop yields. The C4 cereal sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a critical food, forage, and emerging bioenergy crop that is notably drought-tolerant. We conducted a large-scale field experiment, imposing preflowering and postflowering drought stress on 2 genotypes of sorghum across a tightly resolved time series, from plant emergence to postanthesis, resulting in a dataset of nearly 400 transcriptomes. We observed a fast and global transcriptomic response in leaf and root tissues with clear temporal patterns, including modulation of well-known drought pathways. We also identified genotypic differences in core photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging pathways, highlighting possible mechanisms of drought tolerance and of the delayed senescence, characteristic of the stay-green phenotype. Finally, we discovered a large-scale depletion in the expression of genes critical to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, with a corresponding drop in AM fungal mass in the plants' roots
Resolving the gap and AU-scale asymmetries in pre-transitional disks of V1247 ORIONIS
Get PDFadsurl: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013prpl.conf2B051K adsnote: Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data SystemPre-transitional disks are protoplanetary disks with a gapped disk structure, potentially indicating the presence of
young planets in these systems. In order to explore the structure of these objects and their gap-opening mechanism,
we observed the pre-transitional disk V1247 Orionis using the Very Large Telescope Interferometer, the Keck
Interferometer, Keck-II, Gemini South, and IRTF. This allows us to spatially resolve the AU-scale disk structure
from near- to mid-infrared wavelengths (1.5â13”m), tracing material at different temperatures and over a wide
range of stellocentric radii. Our observations reveal a narrow, optically thick inner-disk component (located at
0.18 AU from the star) that is separated from the optically thick outer disk (radii !46 AU), providing unambiguous
evidence for the existence of a gap in this pre-transitional disk. Surprisingly, we find that the gap region is filled
with significant amounts of optically thin material with a carbon-dominated dust mineralogy. The presence of this
optically thin gap material cannot be deduced solely from the spectral energy distribution, yet it is the dominant
contributor at mid-infrared wavelengths. Furthermore, using Keck/NIRC2 aperture masking observations in the
H, KâČ
, and LâČ bands, we detect asymmetries in the brightness distribution on scales of âŒ15â40 AU, i.e., within
the gap region. The detected asymmetries are highly significant, yet their amplitude and direction changes with
wavelength, which is not consistent with a companion interpretation but indicates an inhomogeneous distribution
of the gap material. We interpret this as strong evidence for the presence of complex density structures, possibly
reflecting the dynamical interaction of the disk material with sub-stellar mass bodies that are responsible for the
gap clearing.NASA through the Sagan Fellowship ProgramW. M. Keck FoundationAerospace Corporationâs Independent Research and Development (IR&D) programNASA AD
Confronting standard models of proto-planetary disks with new mid-infrared sizes from the Keck Interferometer
Get PDFThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from American Astronomical Society/IOP Publishing via the DOI in this record.The published version is in ORE at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30943We present near and midâinfrared interferometric observations made with the Keck Interferometer Nuller and nearâcontemporaneous spectroâphotometry from the IRTF of 11 well known young stellar objects, several observed for the first time in these spectral and spatial resolution regimes. With AUâlevel spatial resolution, we first establish characteristic sizes of the infrared emission using a simple geometrical model consisting of a hot inner rim and midâinfrared disk emission. We find a high degree of correlation between the stellar luminosity and the midâinfrared disk sizes after using nearâinfrared data to remove the contribution from the inner rim. We then use a semiâanalytical physical model to also find that the very widely used âstar + inner dust rim+ flared diskâ class of models strongly fails to reproduce the SED and spatiallyâresolved midâinfrared data simultaneously; specifically a more compact source of midâinfrared emission is
required than results from the standard flared disk model. We explore the viability
of a modification to the model whereby a second dust rim containing smaller dust
grains is added, and find that the twoârim model leads to significantly improved fits in
most cases. This complexity is largely missed when carrying out SED modelling alone, although detailed silicate feature fitting by McClure et al. (2013) recently came to a similar conclusion. As has been suggested recently by Menu et al. (2015), the difficulty in predicting midâinfrared sizes from the SED alone might hint at âtransition diskââlike gaps in the inner AU; however, the relatively high correlation found in our midâinfrared disk size vs. stellar luminosity relation favors layered disk morphologies and points to missing disk model ingredients instead.The authors wish to acknowledge fruitful discussions with Nuria Calvet and Melissa McClure.
Part of this work was performed while X. C. was a Visiting Graduate Student Research Fellow at
the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology. The Keck
Interferometer was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as part of its
Exoplanet Exploration Program. Data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory,
which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology,
the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory
was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. The
authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the
summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most
fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. Data presented in
this paper were obtained at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of
Hawaii under contract NNH14CK55B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
We gratefully acknowledge support and participation in the IRTF/BASS observing runs by Daryl
Kim, The Aerospace Corporation. This work has made use of services produced by the NASA Exoplanet
Science Institute at the California Institute of Technology. M. S. was supported by NASA
ADAP grant NNX09AC73G. R. W. R. was supported by the IR&D program of The Aerospace
Corporatio
Probing the circumstellar structure of Herbig Ae/Be stars
Get PDFWe present Halpha spectropolarimetry observations of a sample of 23 Herbig
Ae/Be stars. A change in the linear polarisation across Halpha is detected in a
large fraction of the objects, which indicates that the regions around Herbig
stars are flattened (disc-like) on small scales. A second outcome of our study
is that the spectropolarimetric signatures for the Ae stars differ from those
of the Herbig Be stars, with characteristics changing from depolarisation
across Halpha in the Herbig Be stars, to line polarisations in the Ae group.
The frequency of depolarisations detected in the Herbig Be stars (7/12) is
particularly interesting as, by analogy to classical Be stars, it may be the
best evidence to date that the higher mass Herbig stars are surrounded by
flattened structures. For the Herbig Ae stars, 9 out of 11 show a line
polarisation effect that can be understood in terms of a compact Halpha
emission that is itself polarised by a rotating disc-like circumstellar medium.
The spectropolarimetric difference between the Herbig Be and Ae stars may be
the first indication that there is a transition in the Hertzsprung-Russell
Diagram from magnetic accretion at spectral type A to disc accretion at
spectral type B. Alternatively, the interior polarised line emission apparent
in the Ae stars may be masked in the Herbig Be stars due to their higher levels
of Halpha emission.Comment: 14 pages, MNRAS accepte
- âŠ
