5 research outputs found
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia: The Role of Adiposity and Serum Adipokines
Get PDFThe goal of this study was to determine serum adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, and lipids in pregnant women during the first trimester and to examine the link between these biochemical markers and preeclampsia (PE). Changes in the levels of these adipokines occur in PE, hence this study looked into the possibility of employing these biomarkers to predict the disease. This study compared first-trimester serum biochemical and anthropometric markers in pregnant women with PE to the controls. After 20 weeks of pregnancy, blood pressure and urine protein were measured, and a PE diagnosis was made according to American Heart Association criteria. Generally, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the biochemical markers between the PEs and the controls. Even after correcting for body mass index (BMI) and family history of hypertension, analyses of area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for the adipokines revealed their capacity to reliably predict PE. After adjusting for BMI, it emerged that adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin were significant predictors of PE, with resistin being the best predictor. After controlling for BMI, age, parity, and family history of diabetes and preeclampsia, adiponectin was the greatest predictor
Interaction between metabolic genetic risk score and dietary fatty acid intake on central obesity in a Ghanaian population
Get PDFObesity is a multifactorial condition arising from the interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors. We aimed to assess the impact of lifestyle and genetic factors on obesity-related traits in 302 healthy Ghanaian adults. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using a 3 day repeated 24 h dietary recall and global physical activity questionnaire, respectively. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct 4-SNP, 8-SNP and 12-SNP genetic risk scores (GRSs). The 4-SNP GRS showed significant interactions with dietary fat intakes on waist circumference (WC) (Total fat, Pinteraction = 0.01; saturated fatty acids (SFA), Pinteraction = 0.02; polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), Pinteraction = 0.01 and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), Pinteraction = 0.01). Among individuals with higher intakes of total fat (>47 g/d), SFA (>14 g/d), PUFA (>16 g/d) and MUFA (>16 g/d), individuals with ≥3 risk alleles had a significantly higher WC compared to those with <3 risk alleles. This is the first study of its kind in this population, suggesting that a higher consumption of dietary fatty acid may have the potential to increase the genetic susceptibility of becoming centrally obese. These results support the general dietary recommendations to decrease the intakes of total fat and SFA, to reduce the risk of obesity, particularly in individuals with a higher genetic predisposition to central obesity
Association between overweight/obesity perception, actual body weight and cardiometabolic risk among healthy Ghanaian adults
No full textBackground: The global rise in obesity, particularly among black Africans in developing nations experiencing nutritional transitions, underscores the importance of exploring Overweight/Obesity Perception (OP) as a crucial factor in maintaining an optimal body weight. Incorrect body image perception may impede efforts to achieve the desired body weight, leading to adverse outcomes related to Cardiometabolic Diseases (CMD). This cross-sectional study investigated the interplay between overweight/obesity perception, actual body weight, and CMD risk in a cohort of healthy Ghanaian adults. Methods: A total of 302 apparently healthy adults, aged 25–60 years, with Dagomba ancestry, were recruited from three communities. Participants were screened based on age, ancestry, history of communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD), and use of antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, and antihypertensive drugs. Anthropometric assessments and blood sample collections for biochemical analysis were conducted. Body image perception was measured using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (SFRS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlation analysis, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis. Results: Participants had a mean age of 38.28 ± 10.88, with 61.6% being women. While 47% accurately perceived their body weight, 53% had incorrect perceptions. Notably, 47.2% underestimated and 8.5% overestimated their weight status. Among overweight individuals, 33% underestimated and 9.4% overestimated their weight, whereas among the obese, 66.7% and 33.3% respectively had inaccurate perceptions. Gender, serum triglyceride levels, and waist circumference were significantly associated with weight perception. About 55% of overweight/obese participants and 62.1% with high waist circumference did not express a desire to lose weight. Multiple logistic regression revealed that both overweight (AOR = 6, 95% CI (1.8–20.2), p < 0.05) and obesity (AOR = 20.5, 95% CI (5–84.9), p < 0.05) significantly increased the odds of CMD. Conclusion: The findings underscore the association between overweight/obesity and an elevated risk of CMD. This emphasizes the imperative for public health interventions aimed at promoting an ideal body weight and highlighting the impact of overweight/obesity on CMD risk factors
Interactions between Vitamin D Genetic Risk and Dietary Factors on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Ghanaian Adults
Get PDFThe Ghanaian population is experiencing an upsurge in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to rapid urbanization. Besides dietary factors, vitamin D-related genetic determinants have also been shown to contribute to the development of obesity and T2D. Hence, we aimed to examine the interactions between dietary factors and vitamin D-related genetic variants on obesity and T2D related outcomes in a Ghanaian population. Three hundred and two healthy Ghanaian adults (25–60 years old) from Oforikrom, Municipality in Kumasi, Ghana were randomly recruited and had genetic tests, dietary consumption analysis, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides taken. A significant interaction was identified between vitamin D-GRS and fiber intake (g/day) on BMI (pinteraction = 0.020) where those who were consuming low fiber (≤16.19 g/d) and carrying more than two risk alleles for vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01) had a significantly higher BMI. In addition, an interaction between vitamin D-GRS and fat intake (g/day) on HbA1c (total fat, pinteraction = 0.029) was found, where participants who had a lower total fat intake (≤36.5 g/d), despite carrying more than two risk alleles, had significantly lower HbA1c (p = 0.049). In summary, our study has identified novel gene–diet interactions of vitamin D-GRS with dietary fiber and fat intakes on metabolic traits in Ghanaian adults
