6 research outputs found
Interaction between metabolic genetic risk score and dietary fatty acid intake on central obesity in a Ghanaian population
Get PDFObesity is a multifactorial condition arising from the interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors. We aimed to assess the impact of lifestyle and genetic factors on obesity-related traits in 302 healthy Ghanaian adults. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using a 3 day repeated 24 h dietary recall and global physical activity questionnaire, respectively. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct 4-SNP, 8-SNP and 12-SNP genetic risk scores (GRSs). The 4-SNP GRS showed significant interactions with dietary fat intakes on waist circumference (WC) (Total fat, Pinteraction = 0.01; saturated fatty acids (SFA), Pinteraction = 0.02; polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), Pinteraction = 0.01 and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), Pinteraction = 0.01). Among individuals with higher intakes of total fat (>47 g/d), SFA (>14 g/d), PUFA (>16 g/d) and MUFA (>16 g/d), individuals with ≥3 risk alleles had a significantly higher WC compared to those with <3 risk alleles. This is the first study of its kind in this population, suggesting that a higher consumption of dietary fatty acid may have the potential to increase the genetic susceptibility of becoming centrally obese. These results support the general dietary recommendations to decrease the intakes of total fat and SFA, to reduce the risk of obesity, particularly in individuals with a higher genetic predisposition to central obesity
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Effect of dietary fat intake and genetic risk on glucose and insulin-related traits in Brazilian young adults
Get PDFPurpose The development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) is closely linked to a complex interplay between genetic and dietary factors. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidaemia, and high blood pressure among Brazilian adolescents is increasing and hence, early lifestyle interventions targeting these factors might be an efective strategy to prevent or slow the progression of T2D.
Methods We aimed to assess the interaction between dietary and genetic factors on metabolic disease-related traits in 200 healthy Brazilian young adults. Dietary intake was assessed using 3-day food records. Ten metabolic disease-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct a metabolic-genetic risk score (metabolic-GRS).
Results We found significant interactions between the metabolic-GRS and total fat intake on fasting insulin level (Pinteraction=0.017), insulin-glucose ratio (Pinteraction=0.010) and HOMA-B (Pinteraction=0.002), respectively, in addition to a borderline GRS-fat intake interaction on HOMA-IR (Pinteraction=0.051). Within the high-fat intake category [37.98±3.39% of total energy intake (TEI)], individuals with≥5 risk alleles had increased fasting insulin level (P=0.021), insulin-glucose ratio (P=0.010), HOMA-B (P=0.001) and HOMA-IR (P=0.053) than those with<5 risk alleles.
Conclusion Our study has demonstrated a novel GRS-fat intake interaction in young Brazilian adults, where individuals with higher genetic risk and fat intake had increased glucose and insulin-related traits than those with lower genetic risk. Large intervention and follow-up studies with an objective assessment of dietary factors are needed to confirm our findings
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Interaction between the genetic risk score and dietary protein intake on cardiometabolic traits in South East Asian
Get PDFBackground: Cardiometabolic diseases are complex traits which are influenced by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, analysing the combined effects of multiple gene variants might provide a better understanding of disease risk than using a single gene variant approach. Furthermore, studies have found that the effect of SNPs on cardiometabolic traits can be influenced by lifestyle factors, highlighting the importance of analysing gene-lifestyle interactions.
Aims: In the present study, we investigated the association of 15 gene variants with cardiometabolic traits and examined whether these associations were modified by lifestyle factors such as dietary intake and physical activity.
Methods: The study included 110 Minangkabau women [aged 25-60 years and body mass index (BMI) 25.13±4.2 kg/m2] from Padang, Indonesia. All participants underwent a physical examination followed by anthropometric, biochemical and dietary assessments and genetic tests. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed based on 15 cardio-metabolic disease-related SNPs. The effect of GRS on cardiometabolic traits was analysed using general linear models. GRS-lifestyle interactions on continuous outcomes were tested by including the interaction term (e.g., lifestyle factor*GRS) in the regression model. Models were adjusted for age, BMI and location (rural or urban), wherever appropriate.
Results: There was a significant association between GRS and BMI, where individuals carrying 6 or more risk alleles had higher BMI compared to those carrying 5 or less risk alleles (P=0.018). Furthermore, there were significant interactions of GRS with protein intake on waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride concentrations (Pinteraction= 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Amongst women who had a lower protein intake (13.51±1.18% of the total daily energy intake), carriers of six or more risk alleles had significantly lower WC and triglyceride concentrations compared with carriers of five or less risk alleles (P=0.0118 and 0.002, respectively).
Conclusions: Our study confirmed the association of GRS with higher BMI and further showed a significant effect of the GRS on WC and triglyceride levels through the influence of a low-protein diet. These findings suggest that following a lower protein diet, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals, might be an effective approach for addressing cardiometabolic diseases among South East Asian women
Lower dietary intake of plant protein is associated with genetic risk of diabetes-related traits in urban Asian Indian adults
Get PDFThe increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes among South Asians is caused by a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. We aimed to examine the impact of dietary and genetic factors on metabolic traits in 1062 Asian Indians. Dietary assessment was performed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Transcription factor 7-like 2 and fat mass and obesity-associated genes were used to construct two metabolic genetic risk scores (GRS): 7-SNP and 3-SNP GRSs. Both 7-SNP GRS and 3-SNP GRS were associated with a higher risk of T2D (p = 0.0000134 and 0.008, respectively). The 3-SNP GRS was associated with higher waist circumference (p = 0.010), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p = 0.002) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (p = 0.000066). There were significant interactions between 3-SNP GRS and protein intake (% of total energy intake) on FPG (Pinteraction = 0.011) and HbA1c (Pinteraction = 0.007), where among individuals with lower plant protein intake (1 risk allele had higher FPG (p = 0.001) and HbA1c (p = 0.00006) than individuals with ≤1 risk allele. Our findings suggest that lower plant protein intake may be a contributor to the increased ethnic susceptibility to diabetes described in Asian Indians. Randomised clinical trials with increased plant protein in the diets of this population are needed to see whether the reduction of diabetes risk occurs in individuals with prediabetes
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A Nutrigenetic approach to investigate the effect of genetic and lifestyle factors on cardiometabolic-disease related traits in ethnically diverse populations.
No full textCardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), obesity, hypertension and
type 2 diabetes are a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare spending worldwide,
especially in lower-middle-income countries. While cardiometabolic diseases are strongly
affected by changes in environmental factors (such as unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, and
urbanization), they also have strong genetic determinants. Thus, understandings the role of
gene–lifestyle interactions on cardiometabolic diseases and related traits can improve our
understanding of disease pathophysiology and contribute to precision nutrition aiming to
prevent and treat these diseases. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene
studies have revealed thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have shown
to be associated with cardiometabolic traits. However, these studies have been extensively
performed in European populations, inadequately representing other ethnic groups. Genetic
association studies of cardiometabolic diseases have great potential in terms of informing
personalised and prevention medicine. This potential benefit, however, will only be understood
by including populations of diverse ancestral backgrounds in these genetic studies. Hence, the
main aims of this PhD work were to investigate the individual and joint effect of several SNPs
on cardiometabolic disease-related traits in ethnically diverse populations. The interaction of
these SNPs with lifestyle factors such as physical activity and dietary macronutrient intake on
cardiometabolic disease-related traits was also assessed. This thesis included five different
studies: three cross-sectional cohort studies [The Minangkabau Indonesia Study on Nutrition
and Genetics (MINANG study; Indonesian women; n=110), The Genetics of Obesity and
Nutrition in Ghana (GONG study; Ghanaian adults; n= 302) and The Obesity, Lifestyle and
Diabetes in Brazil (BOLD study; Brazilian young adults; n= 200)] and two case-control studies
[study in Turkish adults (n= 400) and Chennai Urban Rural Study (CURES; Asian Indian,
n=1062)]. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS) software (version 24; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). We found significant gene-protein
interactions on central obesity risk (Pinteraction=0.044) in the Turkish population, on triglyceride
levels and waist circumference (WC) (Pinteraction=0.003 and 0.002, respectively) in the
Indonesian population, and on fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin (Pinteraction=0.01
and 0.007, respectively) in the Indian population. Furthermore, there were GRS-fat intake
interactions on WC in the Ghanaian population and on fasting insulin level (Pinteraction=0.017),
insulin-glucose ratio (Pinteraction=0.010), homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin
secretion (HOMA-B) (Pinteraction=0.002) and homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin
resistance (HOMA-IR) (Pinteraction=0.051) in the Brazilian population. Also, a significant
interaction between the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) SNP rs9939609 and physical
activity on adiponectin concentrations was found in the Turkish population. In summary, the
findings from this thesis contribute to the science of nutrigenetics by demonstrating the
existence of genetic heterogeneity in gene-diet interactions on cardiometabolic disease-related
traits across different ethnic groups. However, these findings need to be replicated using larger
cohort and dietary intervention studies before they would be considered for personalised
dietary recommendations, which are an innovative and promising approach for the prevention
and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases
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FTO
No full textThis is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition on 4-8-2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2020.1802580The aim of the study was to investigate whether lifestyle factors modify the association fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and obesity in a Turkish population. The study included 400 unrelated individuals, aged 24-50 years recruited in a hospital setting. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using 24-hour dietary recall and self-report questionnaire, respectively. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed using FTO SNPs, rs9939609 and rs10163409. Body mass index and fat mass index were significantly associated with FTO SNP rs9939609 (P=0.001 and P=0.002, respectively) and GRS (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively). The interactions between SNP rs9939609 and physical activity on adiponectin concentrations, and SNP rs10163409 and dietary protein intake on increased waist circumference were statistically significant (Pinteraction=0.027 and Pinteraction=0.044, respectively). This study demonstrated that the association between FTO SNPs and central obesity might be modified by lifestyle factors in this Turkish population
