86,745 research outputs found
Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever: information for health care practitioners
Get PDF"Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). Infection with one serotype of DENV provides immunity to that serotype for life, but provides no long-term immunity to other serotypes. Thus, a person can be infected as many as four times, once with each serotype. Dengue viruses are transmitted from person to person by Aedes mosquitoes (most often Aedes aegypti) in the domestic environment. Epidemics have occurred periodically in the Western Hemisphere for more than 200 years. In the past 30 years, dengue transmission and the frequency of dengue epidemics have increased greatly in most tropical countries in the American region." - p. [1]Clinical diagnosis -- What to look for when you evaluate patients for DHF -- How to treat dengue fever -- Clinical management -- Laboratory diagnosis -- EpidemiologyAlso available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (1.13 MB, 4 p.)
Host Antibodies in Mosquito Bloodmeals: A Potential Tool to Detect and Monitor Infectious Diseases in Wildlife
Get PDFABSTRACT When a female mosquito bites, it carries away a blood sample containing speciÞc antibodies that can provide a history of the immune responses of its vertebrate host. This research examines the limits and reliability of a technique to detect antibodies in blood-fed mosquitoes in the laboratory. Mosquitoes were fed on blood containing a speciÞc antibody, and then they were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the limits of detection of antibody over time, at different temperatures and initial antibody concentrations. The antibody, at an initial concentration of 1 g/ml, could be detected in mosquitoes for 24 Ð 48 h after feeding. Blind tests simulating the assay of feral mosquitoes were used to test the reliability of the method and detected positive mosquitoes with few false negatives and no false positives. SpeciÞc antibodies also could be detected in mosquitoes that had been air-dried or preserved in ethanol. This research indicates that, in theory, the collection and immunological assay of blood-fed mosquitoes could be developed to detect and monitor infectious disease in wildlife
Vector borne diseases
Get PDFA vector-borne disease is one in which the pathogenic
microorganism is transmitted from an infected
individual to another individual by an arthropod or other
agent. The transmission depends upon the attributes
and requirements of at least three different Iiving
organisms : the pathologic agent which is either a virus,
protozoa, bacteria or helminth (worm); the vector, which
is commonly an arthropod such as ticks or mosquitoes;
and the human host.peer-reviewe
Prairie dogs can harbor fleas infected with plague bacteria
Get PDFShipping list no.: 2000-0326-P.Also available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (1.46 MB, 2 p.)
CHIK
Get PDFChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is carried by infected mosquitoes. The virus causes high fever and severe joint pain that start suddenly. It can also cause headache, muscle pain and rash. Chikungunya (CHIK) does not often result in death, but the symptoms can be disabling, and some people may get severe complications. There is no specific medication available to treat CHIK. There is no vaccine to prevent CHIK. Avoiding mosquito bites is the key to avoid chikungunya fever (CHIK).Why should I be concerned about CHIKV? -- How is CHIKV spread? -- What are the symptoms? -- How is CHIKV treated? -- How can I avoid becoming infected? -- How can I protect my community? -- What should I do if I have symptoms? -- Where can I find some more information?3/27/12: date from document properties
Protect yourself from tickborne diseases
Get PDF"Ticks can be found in most of the United States, and many carry serious diseases. Some of the diseases that you can get from a tick bite include: anaplasmosis, babesiosis, Colorado tick fever, ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, Powassan encephalitis, Q fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI), tick-borne relapsing fever, tularemia." - p. [1]2/22/2012: date from document properties."CS#109745.
West Nile Virus (WNV) fact sheet
Get PDFWest Nile Virus (WNV) is a potentially serious illness. Experts believe WNV is established as a seasonal epidemic in North America that flares up in the summer and continues into the fall. This fact sheet contains important information that can help you recognize and prevent West Nile virus.What is West Nile Virus? -- What can i do to prevent WNV? -- What are the symptoms of WNV? -- How does West Nile Virus spread? -- How soon do infected people get sick? -- How is WNV infection treated? -- What should i do if i think i have WNV? -- What is the risk of getting sick from WNV? -- What is the CDC doing about WNV?.8/27/2012-date from document propertiesCS234798-ASystem requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.Mode of access: Internet from the CDC web site as an Acrobat .pdf file (3.84 MB, 2 p.
Monitoring and evaluating the impact of national school-based deworming in Kenya: study design and baseline results.
Get PDFBACKGROUND: An increasing number of countries in Africa and elsewhere are developing national plans for the control of neglected tropical diseases. A key component of such plans is school-based deworming (SBD) for the control of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and schistosomiasis. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of national programmes is essential to ensure they are achieving their stated aims and to evaluate when to reduce the frequency of treatment or when to halt it altogether. The article describes the M&E design of the Kenya national SBD programme and presents results from the baseline survey conducted in early 2012. METHODS: The M&E design involves a stratified series of pre- and post-intervention, repeat cross-sectional surveys in a representative sample of 200 schools (over 20,000 children) across Kenya. Schools were sampled based on previous knowledge of STH endemicity and were proportional to population size. Stool (and where relevant urine) samples were obtained for microscopic examination and in a subset of schools; finger-prick blood samples were collected to estimate haemoglobin concentration. Descriptive and spatial analyses were conducted. The evaluation measured both prevalence and intensity of infection. RESULTS: Overall, 32.4% of children were infected with at least one STH species, with Ascaris lumbricoides as the most common species detected. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was 2.1%, while in the Coast Province the prevalence of S. haematobium was 14.8%. There was marked geographical variation in the prevalence of species infection at school, district and province levels. The prevalence of hookworm infection was highest in Western Province (25.1%), while A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura prevalence was highest in the Rift Valley (27.1% and 11.9%). The lowest prevalence was observed in the Rift Valley for hookworm (3.5%), in the Coast for A. lumbricoides (1.0%), and in Nyanza for T. trichiura (3.6%). The prevalence of S. mansoni was most common in Western Province (4.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The current findings are consistent with the known spatial ecology of STH and schistosome infections and provide an important empirical basis on which to evaluate the impact of regular mass treatment through the school system in Kenya
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